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  • #Article 4 Series 5 Must-Reads on the National Contract in Public Tenders in Romania: Risks on Termination carried out by Beneficiary
  • September 25, 2018

#Article 4 Series 5 Must-Reads on the National Contract in Public Tenders in Romania: Risks on Termination carried out by Beneficiary

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Starting as soon as the contract award stage, it is important to understand the risks undertaken when bidding at a public procurement tender in Romania.

Even more so, assessment of risks during the contract performance phase, is essential for a successful project and for reducing any potential financial loss.

Termination carried out by Beneficiary could have significant impacts in terms of financial loss for Contractors and all other parties involved in the execution of a project, including subcontractors and third supporting parties.

In Romania, more than once, projects life has been cut short by termination carried out by Contractors or Beneficiaries.

As a result, the approach of Romanian contracting authorities is now diligent and it can be clearly seen in the careful manner in which Termination by the Beneficiary clauses are now established in the National Contract.

CONTENT:

Firstly, we will examine the extensive cases of Termination carried out by the Beneficiary envisioned by the National Contract. It is here where we will also refer to the right of the Beneficiary to suspend payments, without any prior notice, in the cases when the Beneficiary would be entitled to carry out the Termination of the Contract.

Secondly, we will continue analyzing the effects brought by the Termination of the Beneficiary, including recovery of costs and loss and maximums to be paid by Contractors.

Before conclusions, in the third point we will refer to specific cases of termination of Contract, including unilateral Termination by the Beneficiary.

1.       Cases of Termination by Beneficiary

Prior notice. In accordance with the National Contract, Termination is carried out by the Beneficiary through a motivated notice sent to the Contractor 15 days prior to the rescission.

Similarities with FIDIC standards. Similarities with FIDIC standards can be identified for some cases of Termination by the Beneficiary envisioned by the National Contract.

Similar cases are, nonetheless, limited and include:

  • cases when the Contractor subcontracts or assigns the Contract without the required agreement of the Beneficiary and
  • cases of bankruptcy, liquidation.

Specific cases. Under the National Contract, a larger number of cases of Termination by Beneficiary are established in comparison to FIDIC standards.

Among these, the following are included:

  • Breach of contract. In case of serious non-compliance and when the Contractor fails to comply with the deadline established in the notification sent by the Beneficiary (and not sent by the Engineer as in FIDIC standards) in case of a breach of contract (specified in the notification).
  • Performance Guarantee/ Insurance validity. In case the Contractor does not undertake or does not keep in force the Performance Guarantee or the required Insurances.
  • Cases of criminal record If at the moment of awarding the Contract, the Contractor is in a specified case of final conviction in the last 5 years for participating in criminal actions, or cases of corruption, fraud, terrorist infractions, etc.
  • Breach of code of conduct, conflict of interests. In case of breach by the Contractor of the obligations related to the code of conduct, conflict of interests, including breach of these obligations by the Subcontractors.
  • Third supporting party breach. If the third party supporter does not comply with the undertaken obligations
  • Maximum penalties. In case the Beneficiary has the right to request the maximum penalties.
  • Breach of obligation to remedy a defects. If the Contractor does not comply with the obligation to remedy a defect within the established period.

Provision regarding suspension of payments. A debatable provision included in the National Contract establishes the right of the Beneficiary to suspend payments when the conditions of a case of Termination by Beneficiary are met.

This suspension of payment can be applied by the Beneficiary as a precaution measure and without any prior notice.

However, the right of the Beneficiary to apply the suspension of payment is limited and, if Termination by the Beneficiary does not intervene, the suspension cannot last more than 60 days.

As it is easily observable from the cases of Termination of Beneficiary, the National Contract established extensive cases in favor of the Beneficiary. Even more so, for certain cases such as

– breach of contract as notified by the Beneficiary (no limits are included here),

– breach of obligation to remedy a defect (as established by the Beneficiary and within the deadline imposed by the Beneficiary) and

– performance guarantee validity (you can read more on this subject here), are wide in understanding and the Beneficiary could attribute a meaning to this concepts according to larger criteria.

This presents even more importance when considering the effects brought for the Contractor in case of Termination carried out by the Beneficiary, as analyzed below.

  1. Effects of Termination by Beneficiary

When Termination by Beneficiary intervenes, the following effects are foreseen:

  • Measures for protection of works. From the date of Termination, the Contractor will undertake measures to close the works in an orderly manner and to minimize expenses.
  • Other rights and remedies. The Termination will not affect other rights or remedies.
  • Certification of works. The Supervisor, within a maximum period of 90 days after the termination date, will certify the value of the Works and the amounts owed to the Contractor.
  • Payments after Termination. The Beneficiary will have no obligation to make any payment until the completion of the Works and the Beneficiary will recover the paid additional costs.
  • Entitlement to recovery of loss. Besides the additional costs, the Beneficiary will be entitled to any loss up to a total of 10% of the Contract Price.

The amounts obtained by the Beneficiary through the execution of the Performance Guarantee will be used to cover these additional costs and losses.

Considering the important effects mentioned above, it is clear that, the cases of Termination by Beneficiary are to be treated with care.

Furthermore, limitations on the interpretations of the clauses referring to the effects of Termination by the Beneficiary are expected to be debated in the future practice.

  1. Specific cases

When analyzing the Termination carried put by the Beneficiary, a special mention is to be made to the right of Unilateral Termination.

The National Contract establishes that the Beneficiary may send at any time a notification of Unilateral Termination to the Contractor with immediate effect.

Nonetheless, in order to rebalance a contractual equilibrium, it was foreseen that, in case of unilateral termination, the Beneficiary cannot continue the Works directly or by means of a new contract for a period of 3 years. Otherwise, the Contractor shall have the right to receive payments from the Beneficiary as in the cases of Termination by the Contractor.

An additional mention should be made with regards to a number of specific cases of Release from Performance under the Law, with wider meaning in the National Contract than the FIDIC standards.

The National Contract establishes that if one of the following cases occurs:

– a Substantial Modification of the Contract,

– the Contract should not have been awarded to the Contractor due to serious breach of European Union treaties,

– there are circumstances that cannot be controlled by the Parties (including force majeure) that make the execution of the Contract impossible or illegal,

then, the Parties will not have the obligation of compliance through a notification and the amount to be paid by the Beneficiary will be the same as in the case of force majeure.

4. Conclusions

The National Contract established an extensive number of cases of termination carried out by the Beneficiary. Furthermore, when the Beneficiary is entitled to carry out the termination, the National Contract established the right of the Beneficiary to suspend payments, without any prior notice.

Considering all the important effects of the termination by the Beneficiary, including the rules established on certification of works and payments after termination, a great care and attention is recommended when analyzing the conditions of contract applicable to each tender and, even more so, in the implementation phase.

***
* National Contract refers to the public procurement conditions of contract, as enacted by Government Decision no. 1/2018.

** Words in majuscule have the meaning attributed to them by the conditions of contract, as enacted by Government Decision no. 1/2018.

*** This article is for information purposes only. It is not intended to be used as or substitute legal advice.

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Anda Delibașa este o avocată dinamică și ambițioasă, specializată în domeniile nuanțate ale achizițiilor publice, dreptului construcțiilor și imobiliarelor. Deține cu mândrie o diplomă de licență de la prestigioasa Facultate de Drept a Universității din București.

Calificată în cadrul Baroului București, Anda abordează fiecare caz cu o atenție meticuloasă la detalii și o dedicare pentru furnizarea de soluții juridice pragmatice și eficiente. Contribuțiile sale se remarcă printr-o înțelegere profundă a legii și un angajament ferm pentru obținerea celor mai bune rezultate pentru clienții noștri.

Răzvan Delibașa este un avocat tânăr și entuziast, axat în principal pe achiziții publice, dreptul construcțiilor și imobiliare. Deține o diplomă de licență de la Facultatea de Drept, Universitatea din București.

Răzvan este membru al Baroului București și a demonstrat abilități de a aborda fiecare caz cu o atenție meticuloasă la detalii și o dedicare neclintită pentru a oferi soluții juridice pragmatice și eficiente.

Cristina deține expertiză în domeniile achizițiilor publice, dreptului construcțiilor și imobiliarelor. De la momentul în care s-a alăturat echipei noastre, contribuțiile ei au fost esențiale în cadrul unor proiecte majore de achiziții publice și energie.

Cristina a absolvit Facultatea de Drept a renumitei Universități din București. În prezent, urmează un master în Arbitraj Internațional, ceea ce îi îmbunătățește și mai mult competențele juridice.

Mânată de o pasiune neclintită pentru domeniul său, Cristina este mereu dedicată să își extindă cunoștințele și să își perfecționeze abilitățile. Această dorință de învățare continuă, împreună cu devotamentul său pentru dezvoltarea profesională, o poziționează ca un practician juridic deosebit de valoros.

Octavian este specializat în litigii civile, comerciale și administrative, care sunt soluționate atât în cadrul sistemului judiciar românesc, cât și în fața tribunalelor arbitrale.

El deține o abilitate remarcabilă de a identifica posibilele puncte slabe în fiecare cale procedurală ce ar putea fi urmată, ghidând astfel selecția celei mai adecvate strategii pentru fiecare dispută specifică, având în permanență un focus clar pe atingerea obiectivelor finale ale clientului.

Înainte de a se alătura echipei S&V, Octavian a practicat avocatura într-una dintre primele firme de avocatură full-service înființate în București și România, reprezentând o gamă largă de clienți, de la corporații mijlocii la mari, până la persoane fizice cu averi substanțiale.

Cazurile recente în care Octavian a fost implicat includ:

▪ reprezentarea unei mari companii naționale de publicitate outdoor în multiple dispute privind (i) îndepărtarea ilegală a panourilor publicitare de către autoritățile publice din București și (ii) suspendarea și anularea unor contracte de închiriere a domeniului public;

▪ acționând în numele unei cunoscute companii offshore, asociată presupus cu o figură proeminentă din politica și afacerile românești, în proceduri de executare împotriva Statului Român și în abordarea contestațiilor la executare;

▪ servind ca membru al echipei care a reprezentat Ministerul Mediului, Apelor și Pădurilor în două dispute ICC la Paris, evaluate la 50 milioane EUR și soluționate la Paris, care au rezultat din privatizarea PETROM S.A.;

▪ reprezentarea unuia dintre cei mai mari retaileri de modă din România în dispute care au apărut din repercusiunile pandemiei COVID-19 asupra contractelor de închiriere a spațiilor din mall-uri.

Andreea a fost implicată într-o gamă largă de dispute legate de urbanism și construcții, inclusiv proceduri de arbitraj, cu privire la aspecte precum execuția contractelor FIDIC și a contractelor de achiziții publice. Experiența sa acoperă, de asemenea, probleme din piața de energie, cum ar fi liberalizarea pieței de energie și reglementările privind energia reactivă.

Mai mult, Andreea a fost direct implicată în litigii privind proiecte majore de infrastructură și construcții și a asistat clienții în toate etapele litigiului. Practica sa în litigii și arbitraj este completată de activitatea sa consultativă pe contractele de achiziții publice, cu un accent pe contractele de construcție.

În plus față de experiența sa în dreptul construcțiilor și al energiei, Andreea este profund interesată de dreptul afacerilor și de diferite chestiuni comerciale, fiind implicată în mai multe proiecte inițiate de Institutul Român de Drept Comercial.

În afara sălii de judecată, Andreea a fost implicată în organizarea mai multor evenimente academice, inclusiv conferințe internaționale și competiții de procese simulate pentru studenții la drept.

Este o persoană extrem de muncitoare și entuziastă, a cărei aspirație este să își extindă continuu cunoștințele teoretice și practice. Dorința sa de a învăța constant lucruri noi, împreună cu devotamentul său de a crește la nivel profesional, o fac extrem de valoroasă.

Andreea a absolvit Facultatea de Drept ca șefă de promoție și deține un master în Arbitraj Internațional de la Universitatea din București.

Ștefan Dudaș are peste zece ani de experiență în soluționarea disputelor internaționale și a practicat avocatura în mai multe jurisdicții europene, inclusiv Franța, Germania, Austria și România, lucrând pentru firme internaționale de avocatură de renume mondial, precum Shearman & Sterling LLP și Derains & Gharavi International, precum și pentru alte firme de avocatură de top din România, cum ar fi NNDKP și Mușat & Asociații.

Și-a concentrat practica pe disputele între investitori și state, precum și pe arbitraje comerciale complexe în sectoarele energiei, infrastructurii, asigurărilor și petrolului și gazelor. A acționat ca avocat în arbitraje în fața ICSID, ICC și UNCITRAL, sub o varietate de legi substanțiale. Cazurile recente în care Ștefan a fost implicat includ:

  • Un arbitraj ICC cu sediul la Paris între un stat din Orientul Mijlociu și o companie asiatică în legătură cu o dispută privind un contract pentru construcția și exploatarea unei instalații de gestionare a deșeurilor solide, în valoare de peste 500 milioane USD;
  • Un arbitraj ICC cu sediul la Paris între o companie din Qatar și unul dintre cei mai mari producători de automobile din lume, cu privire la rezilierea unui acord de distribuție, cu o sumă în dispută de peste 150 milioane USD;
  • O dispută conform Regulilor de Arbitraj SCC privind construcția unei centrale electrice în Libia, în valoare de peste 400 milioane USD;
  • Două arbitraje ICC cu sediul la Paris între una dintre cele mai mari companii energetice italiene și o companie de stat în legătură cu un acord de privatizare care implică modernizarea rețelei naționale de electricitate din România. Suma totală în dispută a fost de peste 1,5 miliarde EUR;
  • O serie de arbitraje ICC cu sediul la Paris între una dintre cele mai mari companii franceze specializate în construcția și întreținerea infrastructurii de transport și o companie de stat, în valoare de peste 125 milioane EUR, privind unele dintre cele mai mari proiecte de infrastructură din România;
  • O dispută privind un tratat de investiții inițiată de un investitor olandez conform Convenției ICSID împotriva României, în legătură cu falimentul uneia dintre cele mai mari companii de asigurări din regiunea CEE, în valoare de 350 milioane EUR;
  • O dispută privind un tratat de investiții între un investitor iranian și Coreea de Sud conform Regulilor de Arbitraj UNCITRAL, în legătură cu privatizarea unei companii de stat, în valoare de peste 500 milioane USD.

Ștefan deține un Masterat în Drept în arbitraj internațional de la Universitatea din Stockholm și își finalizează în prezent un doctorat în drept internațional la Universitatea din Viena.

A publicat numeroase articole și este un lector frecvent în domeniul arbitrajului internațional. Publicațiile recente ale lui Ștefan includ:

  • „Energy Charter Treaty, the Protection of Renewable Energy Investments post Achmea”, în The future of Investment Treaty Arbitration in the EU. Energy Charter Treaty, Intra-EU BITs and Multilateral Investment Court, co-autor, Kluwer International, (în curs de apariție în mai 2020);
  • „Treaty Counterclaims under the ICSID Convention” în ICSID Convention after 50 years: unsettled issues, Kluwer International 2017;
  • „A Sovereign’s Broken Promise: the Golden Ticket to a Billion-Dollar Award?”, Kluwer Arbitration Blog, 21 iunie 2016;
  • „Anularea hotărârilor arbitrale în România”, C. Leaua și F. A. Baias eds. Kluwer International, 2016;
  • „Dreptul construcțiilor în România”, Co-autor în Construction Law in Europe, European Society of Construction Law (ESCL) 2016;
  • „O poveste despre promisiuni neîndeplinite și așteptări legitime: Bilcon of Delaware et al. v. Canada”, Kluwer Arbitration Blog, 11 septembrie 2015.

Roxana Vornicu este recunoscută la nivel național și internațional pentru expertiza sa în achiziții publice, dreptul construcțiilor și dreptul UE, combinând excelența academică cu practica juridică de aproape un deceniu. Ca practician, Roxana este specializată în achiziții publice, dreptul construcțiilor și drept administrativ. A lucrat pentru una dintre cele mai mari firme de avocatură din țară (NNDKP) timp de peste 7 ani, gestionând și lucrând la unele dintre cele mai importante dispute administrative din România. Ea elaborează strategii complexe pentru achiziții publice și litigii administrative și deține cunoștințe cuprinzătoare și o înțelegere profundă a legislației UE în materie de achiziții publice.

Realizările academice ale Roxanei sunt remarcabile. Deține un doctorat Magna Cum Laudae în remedii pentru achiziții publice și este invitată regulat ca vorbitor la universități de elită și conferințe din Europa. Roxana este, de asemenea, cercetător la Centrul pentru Dreptul Construcțiilor și Rezolvarea Disputelor de la King´s College London.

La King´s, Roxana a fost implicată în mai multe programe de cercetare, inclusiv unul care a analizat strategiile de achiziții pentru stimularea livrării colaborative și optimizarea rezultatelor pe termen lung. A contribuit la elaborarea White Paper-ului: „Strategii de Achiziții pentru stimularea livrării colaborative și optimizarea rezultatelor pe termen lung”, dezvoltat de Centrul de Dreptul Construcțiilor de la King’s și Centrul Laing O'Rourke pentru Inginerie și Tehnologie a Construcțiilor de la Universitatea Cambridge și publicat de Centrul pentru Digital Built Britain (CDBB).

Ea a lucrat la raportul: „Procurarea Construcțiilor cu Emisii Net Zero”, care a fost publicat de Society of Construction Law și susținut de Guvernul Marii Britanii în „Construction Playbook” din septembrie 2022 și „Ghidul privind Promovarea Carbonului Net Zero și Sustenabilitatea în Construcții”. Din 2020, Roxana este și lector la Saïd Business School, Universitatea Oxford, unde predă despre tratatele internaționale și impactul lor asupra contractelor de construcții. De asemenea, a predat la Universitatea din Stuttgart, în cadrul cursului International Construction: Practice and Law (MBE), susținând cursuri despre contractele de construcție colaborative.

Listă selectivă de publicații:

  • Vornicu R., P. Gianna, „Pursuing Zero Carbon Targets Through Collaborative Construction Procurement and Contracting”, International Construction Law Review, Partea 4, 2020.
  • Vornicu R., „Special Issue on the Legal Remedies and Implications from the Fosen-Linjen Case ∙ Procurement Damages in the UK and France – Why So Different?”, European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review, Volumul 14 (2019), Numărul 4, Pagina 222 – 229.
  • Vornicu, R., „Testul încălcării suficient de grave în acțiunile pentru despăgubiri în dreptul achizițiilor publice și povestea a trei instanțe: CJUE, Curtea Supremă a Regatului Unit și Curtea AELS”, în curs de publicare, European Public Law Journal, 2019.
  • Vornicu, R., „Implementarea Directivei Concesiunilor în România”, publicat în Munus Rivista giuridica dei servizi pubblici, vol. 3/2018.
  • Vornicu, R., „Achizițiile publice sub pragurile din Uniunea Europeană: Principii ale dreptului UE și răspunsuri naționale”, EPPPL, (European Procurement and Public Private Partnership Law Review), 187, 2015, coautor cu Dacian Dragoș.
  • Vornicu, R., „Regulile privind executarea contractelor de concesiune în temeiul Directivei Concesiunilor din 2014 și Triunghiul Drepturilor. O scurtă dialectică”, EPPPL 2/2016 (Vol. 11).
  • Vornicu, R., „Răspunderea publică în România”, capitol în Tort Liability of Public Authorities in European Laws, Giacinto della Cananea și Roberto Caranta (eds), Oxford University Press, martie 2021.
  • Vornicu, R., „Comentariu la articolul 58 din Directiva 2014/24/UE în European Public Procurement”, A. Sanchez Graells & R. Caranta (eds), Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021.
  • Vornicu, R., „Comentariu la articolul 63 din Directiva 2014/24/UE în European Public Procurement”, A. Sanchez Graells & R. Caranta (eds), Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021.
  • Vornicu, R., M. Andhov, „O vedere comparativă a utilizării tehnicilor de achiziție și a instrumentelor electronice de către organismele centrale de achiziții”, în Central Purchasing Bodies, M. Comba & C. Risvig (eds), Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021.
  • Vornicu, R., „Organisme centrale de achiziții în România”, Central Purchasing Bodies, M. Comba & C. Risvig (eds), Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021, coautor cu Dacian C. Dragoș.
  • Roxana VORNICU, „Tendințe și Dezvoltări în Dreptul Administrativ Românesc”, în Jean-Bernard Auby (ed), LE FUTUR DU DROIT ADMINISTRATIF / THE FUTURE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, Lexis Nexis 2019, pp. 151-158, coautor cu Dacian C. Dragoș.
  • „BIM și sustenabilitatea”, capitol în Sustainability Through Public Procurement: The Way Forward – Reform Proposals, Sustainability Through Public Procurement: The Way Forward – Reform Proposals, University of Oslo Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 2020-09 SMART Project Report.
  • R Vornicu, „Legea 98/2016 privind achizițiile publice comentată”, Wolters Kluwer Online, coautor Dacian Dragoș.
  • R Vornicu „Concesiunile și PPP în România”, în Piotr Bogdanowicz, Roberto Caranta, Pedro Telles (eds), Public-Private Partnerships and Concessions in the EU, Edward Elgar 2020, coautor Dacian Dragoș.
  • „Tendințe și Dezvoltări în Dreptul Administrativ Românesc”, în Jean-Bernard Auby (ed) LE FUTUR DU DROIT ADMINISTRATIF / THE FUTURE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, Lexis Nexis 2019, coautor Dacian Dragoș.

Georgiana Sîrbu a practicat dreptul la una dintre cele mai mari firme de avocatură din București, NNDKP. Ulterior, a fost la conducerea departamentului juridic al gigantului internațional în energie AstroEnergy, parte a Chint Group, care are o prezență în peste 140 de țări și mai mult de 30.000 de angajați. Ca Șef al Departamentului Juridic în Spania, a fost responsabilă de gestionarea juridică a peste 15 birouri din Spania, România, Chile, Mexic și Brazilia.

Georgiana deține diplome în drept și economie și un master în dreptul afacerilor. A predat la Universitatea Pompeu Fabra din Barcelona – o universitate de renume mondial, clasată printre cele mai bune din Spania, unde a fost implicată în grupuri de cercetare juridică de renume internațional.

Este apreciată pentru abilitatea sa de a înțelege și empatiza cu interesele de afaceri ale clienților săi și pentru strategiile sale juridice orientate spre rezultate, precum și pentru cunoștințele sale în achiziții publice, imobiliare și energie.

Anda Delibașa is a dynamic and ambitious young attorney, with a specialized focus in the nuanced fields of public procurement, construction law, and real estate. She proudly holds a Bachelor's Degree from the prestigious Faculty of Law at the University of Bucharest.

Qualified with the Bucharest Bar, Anda approaches each case with meticulous attention to detail and a dedication to providing pragmatic and effective legal solutions. Her contributions are characterized by a keen understanding of the law and a commitment to achieving the best outcomes for our clients.

Razvan Delibasa is a young, enthusiastic lawyer whose primary focus is public procurement, construction law, and real estate. He holds a Bachelor's Degree from Faculty of Law, University of Bucharest.

Razvan has qualified with the Bucharest Bar and has shown abilities to approach each case with meticulous attention to detail and an unwavering dedication to delivering pragmatic and effective legal solutions.

Octavian specializes in civil, commercial, and administrative disputes, which are addressed both within the Romanian court system and before arbitral tribunals.

He possesses a discerning ability to identify potential weaknesses in each procedural path that could be pursued, ultimately guiding the selection of the most appropriate strategy for each specific dispute, all while keeping a sharp focus on achieving the client's ultimate objectives.

Before joining S&V, Octavian practiced law at one of the first full service law firms to be established in Bucharest and Romania, representing a wide-range of clients, from midsize to large corporations, as well ass private high net worth individuals.

Recent cases in which Octavian was has been engaged in comprise:

▪ representing a major domestic outdoor advertising company in multiple disputes concerning (i) illegal removal of billboards by Bucharest public authorities and (ii) suspending and annulling a public domain rental agreements;

▪ acting on behalf of a notorious offshore company, purportedly associated with a prominent Romanian political and business figure, in enforcement proceedings against the Romanian State and in addressing challenges to enforcement;

▪ serving as a member team representing the Ministry of Environment, Water and Forests in two ICC Paris disputes, valued at EUR 50M and seated in Paris, arising from the privatisation of PETROM S.A.

▪ representing one of Romania's largest fashion retailers in disputes arising from the repercutions of the COVID-19 pandemic on rental agreements associated with mall spaces;

Cristina possesses expertise in the domains of public procurement, construction law, and real estate. Since becoming a part of our team, her contributions have been pivotal to major public procurement and energy ventures.

Cristina's educational background includes graduating from the Faculty of Law at the esteemed University of Bucharest. Currently, she is pursuing a master's degree in International Arbitration, further enhancing her legal acumen.

Driven by an unwavering passion for her field, Cristina is perpetually committed to broadening her knowledge and refining her skills. This fervor for continuous learning, coupled with her resolute dedication to professional advancement, positions her as an exceptionally valuable legal practitioner.

Alexandra is an alumna of the University of Bucharest, Faculty of Law, and currently contributes her expertise to the dispute resolution and arbitration department at Sirbu & Vornicu Law. Her primary specializations encompass public procurement, construction law, and administrative law.

Alexandra excels in collaborative environments, readily engaging with her colleagues to foster the exchange of opinions and ideas. This approach consistently leads to the identification of the most efficient and advantageous working methods.

Fuelled by a fervent aspiration to translate her accumulated knowledge into practical outcomes, Alexandra is characterized by her unwavering dedication. Her commitment manifests in her wholehearted support of our clients, ensuring the provision of optimal solutions.

Andreea has been involved in a broad range of urbanism and construction disputes including arbitration proceedings, regarding matters such as the execution of FIDIC and public procurement contracts. Her experience also covers energy market issues, such as the energy market liberalization and reactive energy regulations.

Moreover, Andreea has been directly involved in disputes regarding major infrastructure and construction projects and has assisted clients in all stages of litigation. Her litigation and arbitration practices are completed by her advisory work on procurement contracts with a focus on construction contracts.

In addition to her experience in construction and energy law, Andreea is keenly interested in business law and different commercial matters, being involved in several projects initiated by the Romanian Institute of Commercial Law.

Outside of the courtroom, Andreea has been involved in the organizations of several academic events, including international conferences and mock trials competition for law students.

She is a very hard working and enthusiastic individual whose aspiration is to continuously broaden her theoretical and practical knowledge. Her eagerness to constantly learn new matters along with her devotion to grow on a professional level make her highly valuable.

Andreea has graduated Law School as a valedictorian and has a master’s degree in International Arbitration from the University of Bucharest.

Stefan Dudas has over ten years of experience in international dispute settlement and has practiced law in several European jurisdictions, including France, Germany, Austria and Romania while working for world-renowned international law firms, such as Shearman & Sterling LLP and Derains & Gharavi International, and other market leading law firms in Romania, such as NNDKP and Musat & Associates.

He focuses his practice on investor-State disputes, as well as complex commercial arbitrations in the energy, infrastructure, insurance, and oil and gas sectors.  He has acted as counsel in arbitrations before ICSID, ICC and UNCITRAL under a variety of substantive laws. Recent cases in which Stefan acted include:

An ICC arbitration seated in Paris between a Middle Eastern State and an Asian company in relation to a dispute arising out of a contract for the construction and exploitation of a solid waste management facility valued at over USD 500 million;

An ICC arbitration seated in Paris between a Qatari company and the largest car manufacturers in the world over the termination of a distribution agreement, with an amount in dispute over USD 150 million;

A dispute under the SCC Arbitration Rules concerning the construction of a power plant in Libya valued at over USD 400 million;

Two ICC arbitrations seated in Paris between one of the largest Italian power company and a State-owned company in relation to a privatization agreement entailing the modernization of the national power grid in Romania. The total amount in dispute was over EUR 1.5 billion;

A series of ICC arbitrations seated in Paris between one of the largest French companies specialized in construction and maintenance of transport infrastructure and a State-owned company, valued at over EUR 125 million concerning some of the largest infrastructure projects in Romania;

An investment treaty dispute initiated by a Dutch investor under the ICSID Convention against Romania in relation to bankruptcy of one of the largest insurance companies in the CEE region valued at EUR 350 million;

An investment treaty dispute between an Iranian investor and South Korea under the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules in relation to the privatization of a State-owned company valued at over USD 500 million.

Stefan holds a Master of Laws in international arbitration from Stockholm University and is currently finalizing a Ph.D. in international law at the University of Vienna.

He has authored numerous articles and is a frequent lecturer in international arbitration. Stefan’s recent publications include:

“Energy Charter Treaty, the Protection of Renewable Energy Investments post Achmea”, in The future of Investment Treaty Arbitration in the EU. Energy Charter Treaty, Intra-EU BITs and Multilateral Investment Court, co-author, Kluwer International, (upcoming in May 2020);

“Treaty Counterclaims under the ICSID Convention” in ICSID Convention after 50 years: unsettled issues, Kluwer International 2017;

“A Sovereign’s Broken Promise: the Golden Ticket to a Billion-Dollar Award?”, Kluwer Arbitration Blog, June 21, 2016;

“Annulment of awards in Arbitration in Romania”, C. Leaua and F. A. Baias eds. Kluwer International, 2016;

“Construction law in Romania”, Co-author in Construction Law in Europe, European Society of Construction Law (ESCL) 2016;

“A story about broken promises and legitimate expectations: Bilcon of Delaware et al. v. Canada”, Kluwer Arbitration Blog, 11 September 2015.

Roxana Vornicu is recognized nationally and internationally for her public procurement, construction law and EU law expertise and she combines academic excellence with legal practice for almost a decade. As a practitioner, Roxana specializes in procurement, construction and administrative law. She has worked for one of the biggest law firm in the country (NNDKP) for over 7 years, managing and working in some of the highest profile administrative disputes of Romania. She handles complex strategies for procurement and administrative disputes and holds comprehensive knowledge and thorough understanding of EU procurement law.
Her academic accomplishments are stellar. She holds a Magna Cum Laudae PhD in procurement remedies and is regularly invited as a speaker to elite universities and conferences in Europe. Roxana is also a researcher at the King´s College London Centre of Construction law and Dispute Resolution in London.
At King´s, Roxana has been involved in several research programs, including one that looked into procurement strategies for incentivising collaborative delivery to optimise whole-life outcomes. She contributed to the drafting of the White Paper: 'Procurement Strategies for incentivising collaborative delivery to optimize whole-life outcomes’ developed by King’s Centre of Construction Law and the University of Cambridge Laing O'Rourke Centre for Construction Engineering and Technology and published by the Centre for Digital Built Britain (CDBB).

She worked on the report: 'Procuring Net Zero Construction' which was published by the Society of Construction Law and endorsed by the UK Government in the September 2022 ´Construction Playbook´ and ´Guidance on Promoting Net Zero Carbon and Sustainability in Construction.'
Since 2020, Roxana has been also a lecturer at Saïd Business School, Oxford University, teaching about international treaties and their impact on construction contracts. She has also taught at Stuttgart University, the International Construction: Practice and Law (MBE) course, lecturing on collaborative construction contracts.
Selective list of Publications:
• Vornicu R., P. Gianna, ´Pursuing Zero Carbon Targets Through Collaborative Construction Procurement and Contracting ´, International Construction Law Review, Part 4, 2020.

• Vornicu R., ´Special Issue on the Legal Remedies and Implications from the Fosen-Linjen Case ∙ Procurement Damages in the UK and France – Why So Different? ´, European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review, Volume 14 (2019), Issue 4, Page 222 – 229

• Vornicu, R., The sufficiently serious breach test in Action for Damages in Public Procurement Law and a tale of three courts: The CJEU, The UK Supreme Court and the EFTA court, in press, European Public Law Journal, 2019.

• Vornicu, R., ‘The implementation of the Concession Directive in Romania’, published with Munus Rivista giuridica dei servizi pubblici, vol. 3/2018.

• Vornicu, R., Public Procurement below thresholds in the European Union: EU law Principles and national responses, EPPPL, (European Procurement and Public Private Partnership Law Review), 187, 2015, Co-authored with Dacian Dragos

• Vornicu, R., (2016), The rules on Performance of the Concession Contracts under the 2014 Concession Directive and the Triangle of Rights. A brief Dialectic, EPPPL 2/2016 (Vol. 11)

• Vornicu, R., Public liability in Romania, chapter in Tort Liability of Public Authorities in European Laws, Giacinto della Cananea and Roberto Caranta (eds), Oxford University Press, March 2021

• Vornicu, R., Commentary of Article 58 of Directive 2014/24/EU in European Public Procurement, A. Sanchez Graells & R. Caranta (eds), Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021

• Vornicu, R., Commentary of Article 63 of Directive 2014/24/EU in European Public Procurement, A. Sanchez Graells & R. Caranta (eds), Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021

• Vornicu, R., M. Andhov, ´A comparative view of the use of procurement techniques and electronic instruments by central purchasing bodies´, in Central Purchasing Bodies, M. Comba & C. Risvig (eds) Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021.

• Vornicu, R., , Central Purchasing Bodies in Romania, Central Purchasing Bodies, M. Comba & C. Risvig (eds) Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021, co-authored with Dacian C. Dragos.

• Roxana VORNICU, Tendencies and Developments in Romanian Administrative Law, in Jean-Bernard Auby (ed) LE FUTUR DU DROIT ADMINISTRATIF / THE FUTURE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, Lexis Nexis 2019, pp. 151-158, co-authored with Dacian C. Dragos

• BIM and sustainability, chapter in Sustainability Through Public Procurement: The Way Forward – Reform Proposals, Sustainability Through Public Procurement: The Way Forward – Reform Proposals University of Oslo Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 2020-09 SMART Project Report

• R Vornicu, ´Legea 98/2016 privind achizițiile publice comentata´ Wolters Kluwer Online, Co-author Dacian Dragos.

• R Vornicu ´Concessions and PPP in Romania´, in Piotr Bogdanowicz, Roberto Caranta, Pedro Telles (eds), Public-Private Partnerships and Concessions in the EU, Edward Elgar 2020, Co-author Dacian Dragos.
nia´, in a collective volume published with Oxford University Press edited by Giacinto della Cananea & Roberto Caranta (in press).

Georgiana Sirbu practiced law at one of the biggest law firms in Bucharest, NNDKP. Following this, she was at the helm of the legal department of international energy giant AstroEnergy, part of the Chint Group with a presence in over 140 countries with more than 30,000 employees. As Head of Legal in Spain, she was in driving seat for the legal management of more than 15 offices in Spain, Romania, Chile, Mexico and Brazil.

Georgiana holds degrees in law and economics and a master’s degree in business law. She has taught at Pompeu Fabra University in Barcelona – a world-leading university ranked amongst the best universities in Spain where she has been involved in internationally renowned legal research groups.

She is valued for her ability to truly understand and empathize with her clients’ business interests and for her results-driven legal strategies and knowledge of public procurement, real estate and energy.